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George Frederick Koehler (14 January 1758 – 29 December 1800) was a British artist, soldier and engineer. He is known for creating a gun that recoiled allowing it to fire down the side of a mountain without sending the gun carriage flying into the air. The Koehler Depressing Carriage is still commemorated today in Gibraltar where it was an important defence during the Great Siege of Gibraltar. ==Life== Koehler was born in 1758 and baptised in Woolwich. His father was a bombardier who had been born in Germany. He became a second lieutenant in the Royal Artillery in January 1780.〔 Kœhler is still remembered for his invention of a gun-carriage allowing the axis of the gun to be depressed to an angle of seventy degrees. This was demonstrated during the Great Siege of Gibraltar on 15 February 1782 at Princess Royal's Battery.〔Red Plaque in Grand Casemates Square〕 This new carriage enabled the defending guns to take advantage of the height of the Rock of Gibraltar. Although not a new idea it was ingenious and the invention of the sliding carriage allowed the gun to recoil without pulling the gun carriage into the air. This idea was later built into more conventional gun carriages. Colonel John Drinkwater in his accounts claimed that the gun hit its target 28 times out of 30 when aimed at the Spaniards' San Carlos Battery. He was a first lieutenant when he made the invention but he became a brevet-major the following year. He joined the Governor of Gibraltar's staff and despite the poor first impressions he first made he was to become a confidential ''aide de campe'' with Charles Holloway. By 1800 he was a brevet Colonel.〔 Koehler was later awarded the Governor's sword for his action during a famous sortie against the Spanish.〔Alastair W. Massie, ‘Koehler, George Frederick (1758–1800)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Jan 2008 (accessed 3 April 2013 )〕 Koehler, Sir George Augustus Eliott, Charles Holloway, George Mackenzie, Thomas Trigge and General William Green are amongst those recorded as the principal officers serving in the siege who were painted by George Carter for the City of London. The National Portrait Gallery have an oil sketch but the final painting is at the National Army Museum. He commanded the army of the United Belgian States in 1790 which fought against the troops of the Austrian Emperor Leopold II during the Brabant Revolution. In 1794, Gilbert Elliot, Earl of Minto who was to be a viceroy to the short lived Anglo-Corsican Kingdom, Lieutenant-colonel John Moore and Koehler went to Corsica for talks with the renegade General Pasquale Paoli. In December 1800 he led a mission to help the Ottomans eject the French. The British Government had authorised stores, artillery and 100 personnel. He arrived in July and visited Jerusalem in October and arrived in Jaffa assisting in its defence. This is where he and his wife died as a result of fever. He was replaced by Major General Charles Holloway who had served with him in Gibraltar. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「George Koehler」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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